Some bacterial entero pathogens of hydric transmission, of special interest as etiologic agents in human infections, belong to Vibrio genus, with its type species Vibrio cholerae and its O 1 sero-group is cholera causal agent. With the emergence of cholera epidemic in Latin America and the appearance of a new stump Vibrio cholerae O139 (Bengala) , the determination of these microorganisms and the species associated in waters are extremely important.

In this work, there are exposed the results from the introduction of the technique to isolate and identify Vibrio cholerae and species associated in different types of waters, for the first time in Cuba, among which 13 O1 Vibrio cholerae stumps were detected, which caused a quick action making by the organisms responsible for public health in order to block and avoid its transmission. There are also discussed the results where it is repeated that Vibrio cholerae is a microorganism native to coastal water, prevailing the no O1 Vibrio cholerae species. There were also identified clinically important associated species such as: Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluviales and Vibrio furnosii and species from the genus Aeromonas with a higher frequency in Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. On the other hand, the connections among the detected genuses are established, and updated microbiological criteria are provided, which can contribute to the perfectioning of isolation, identification and surveillance of Vibrio cholerae and species associated in different aquatic ecosystems which are useful for the health system and environment improvement.